The Bauhaus And Its Impact On Architecture - 1800 Words

The Bauhaus was arguably one of the most influential events in design history. The Bauhaus was a German art, design, and architecture school that was founded by Modernist architects Walter Gropius, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, and Le Corbusier. Although founded by Modernist architects, the Bauhaus did not teach architecture during its early years. Instead, Head of the Bauhaus Walter Gropius, wanted to form a school that encompassed all learnings of art and craft and form a curriculum that was activity-based and not purely theoretical. Gropius stated in Manifesto and Program of the Bauhaus, Weimar, 1919, â€Å"Let us therefore create a new guild of craftsmen without the class-distinctions that raise an arrogant barrier between craftsmen and†¦show more content†¦During this time, industries transitioned from handmade crafting to machine manufacturing. Industries began manufacturing cheaper copies of handmade luxury goods which ultimately lead to a loss of need for the arts an d crafts. Many designers, including English craftsman William Morris, developed an anxiety for the loss of craft. Manufacturing and creativity had branched off into two separate paths. Many attempts were made to reconnect craft with industry at the beginning of the 20th century. The Deutscher Werkbund in Munich was formed in 1907 to showcase designs for manufactured objects. After the fall of the German Monarchy post World War I, Germany became more revolutionised. In 1917 the Dutch movement De Stijl was founded. De Stijl was centred on constructivist design principles. It was from this idea that Gropius decided to build a school which could attempt to bridge the gap between industry production and crafts. Gropius opened the first Bauhaus school in Weimar in 1919. Not only had craft reconnected with industry production, but the Bauhaus sought to revolutionise design. Gropius believed that art schools should unite all fine arts and crafts in a single location and have all discipli nes collaborate with one another. He also hired specialists in each discipline of the arts to teach and revolutionise modern design. Of all concepts taught out the Bauhaus,

Discrimination and Mining Joint Ventures Essay - 1260 Words

BSBHRM501B- Manage Human Resources Services. Morobe Mining Joint Ventures (PNG) Human Resources Services. Chosen Area: Career management Services: Dealing with complaints Implementing new legislation and laws Mentoring and coaching WHS , pay role i.e. leave entitlement Recruitment/ advertising Training for possible advancement Strategic and Operational Plans: Valuing our employees: By making all employees aware of our company goals and rewarding them when goals are met with either bonuses or awards. As well as having an environment that values, honesty, integrity, respect and working together in unity. Assessing all staff on a regular basis†¦show more content†¦Long-Term (5+ years): Ensuring all studies/ degrees are completed and the person is in the right position to move up the company ladder and communicate all success and new skills to senior management so that the person can be rewarded accordingly within the company. Communications Plan: CEO’S: receive detailed emails as well as having it on the company intranet, video calls as well as memos. Operational Managers: get emails, phone calls, meetings, conferences, and intranet. Business Unit Managers: receive emails, phone calls as well as the intranet and meetings they also get one on one meetings. Superintendent: receive emails, phone calls and one on one meetings as well as having the company intranet. Project Administrator: emails, phone calls, conferences, intranet, meetings, one on one meetings Clients: emails, phone calls and meetings, information packs. Service agreements: Morobe Mining joint Ventures (MMJV) PNG. Human Resources Manager is responsible for the implementation of research and training, communication as well as arranging orientation and inductions. As well as updating legislation and safety practices utilized by the company. Research ( looking into skills required and needed by employees as well as what is needed with future employees and what time frame and cost it will incur) Implementation( conducting a S.W.O.T analysisShow MoreRelatedA Pestle Analysis of Mining Industry2604 Words   |  11 Pages| A PESTLE Analysis of Mongolian Mining Industry | | | Hui Wu (Meredith) | 09/04/2010 | | A PESTLE analysis of the Mongolian mining industry 2 1. Executive summary 2 2. Introduction 3 3. PESTLE Analysis 3 4. Analysis of the future environment 8 5. Entry mode options 8 6. Potential risks 9 7. Recommendations and strategic option 10 8. Conclusion 11 9. Bibliography 11 A PESTLE analysis of the Mongolian mining industry 1. Executive summary This report has analysed theRead MoreDe Beers Paper2141 Words   |  9 Pagesthat can affect its success. Provide explanation to support the rationale. De Beers Diamond Company is an industry that currently produces $13 billion worth of rough diamonds each year, leading to the employment of 10 million people globally from mining to retailing. 70% of rough diamonds are sold for industrial purposes with the remaining 30% â€Å"gem quality† being distributed to experts for cutting, polishing and jewelry manufacturing (Stein, 2001). The global jewelry market has increased three-foldRead MoreStandards Of An Organization Should Be Accountable For Its Actions On The Environment1327 Words   |  6 Pagesinterests deserve appropriate respond. A good understanding of their needs of stakeholders makes it possible to determine the interests that create a relationship with the organization. ïÆ'Ëœ Respect for the Rule of Law: The respect of the law is a mandatory venture for every organization. Steps should be taken to be on the know of applicable rules and regulations, thereby informing those within the organization of their obligations. ïÆ'Ëœ Respect for International Norms of Behavior: For an effective implementationRead MoreWal-Mart Dominating Global Retail Essay1498 Words   |  6 PagesGermany and taken care that it will not repeat those mistakes again. The technological factors have been one of the key for success of the Wal-Mart as using new technologies such as EDI systems and point of sale system. Even the data mining has brought many factors about the customers buying of the products. The political and legal environment has bad effect. There are around 40 cases as low labour cost to making employees working over time. The most popular case was of meat cuttersRead MorePublic Policy Making in Zimbabwe2124 Words   |  9 Pagespolicies that contradict initial agreements. It would be messy but the country itself is already in a bad state. Righting the wrongs is therefore being an important part of reviving the nation’s economy. Nepotism, favouritism, victimization, and discrimination would have to be seen as no longer existent in the country to make investors feel once again confident and safe investing Zimbabwe. According to the ‘best available surveys’ â€Å"only 7% [700 000 people] of the nations population is employed in theRead MorePublic Policy Making in Zimbabwe2115 Words   |  9 Pagespolicies that contradict initial agreements. It would be messy but the country itself is already in a bad state. Righting the wrongs is therefore being an important part of reviving the nation’s economy. Nepotism, favouritism, victimization, and discrimination would have to be seen as no longer existent in the country to make investors feel once again confident and safe investing Zimbabwe. According to the ‘best available surveys’ â€Å"only 7% [700 000 people] of the nations population is employed inRead MoreHenry Fayol s Principles Of Management Essay1949 Words   |  8 PagesHENRY FAYOL Henry Fayol was born in France in 1841. He got a degree in Mining Engineering in 1860 and started working as engineer in a Coal Mining Company. In 1888, he was promoted as the Managing Director of the company. He accepted the then challenging situation of the company and applied his managerial techniques to successfully run the company. After serving in the company for 30 years, when he left, the company was a leading Coal-Steel company with a very strong financial background. CONTRIBUTIONSRead MoreHrm 500 Midterm Exam ( All Possible Questions with Solution )4449 Words   |  18 Pagessystem Performance management When two companies join forces and become one entity, it is referred to as a(n): joint venture. merger. take-over. strategic alliance. acquisition. A chemical company buying a medical equipment manufacturing company is an example of a(n) _____. partnership acquisition consolidation strategic alliance joint venture When an organization undertakes a complete review of its critical work processes to make them more efficient and to beRead MoreDebeers - Diamond Industry3527 Words   |  15 Pagesmarket once the DeBeers cartel was ended, effectively opening up the market for the first time. The diamond industry currently produces US$13 billion worth of rough diamonds each year, leading to the employment of 10 million people globally from mining to retailing. 70% of rough diamonds are sold for industrial purposes with the remaining 30% â€Å"gem quality† being distributed to experts for cutting, polishing and jewellery manufacturing. The global jewellery market has increased three-fold in theRead MoreBrazil : A Emerging Economy2627 Words   |  11 PagesIndustries contribute an approximation of 26.1 % to the GDP and employment of 14.5 % in their economy. The natural resources are attracting many investors and creating business opportunities for the country. One of the hottest industries currently is the mining of oil and gas in the southern of the country. The oil reserves were noticed in 2007 and can give 50 billion barrels. Both oil and gas provide energy to the industrial sector, and the extra is exported. Regulations by the government ensure that the

The occupation of Japan was, from start to finish, Essay Example For Students

The occupation of Japan was, from start to finish, Essay an Americanoperation. General Douglans MacArthur, sole supreme commander of theAllied Power was in charge. The Americans had insufficient men to makea military government of Japan possible; so they decided to actthrough the existing Japanese gobernment. General MacArthur became,except in name, dictator of Japan. He imposed his will on Japan. Demilitarization was speedily carried out, demobilization of theformer imperial forces was completed by early 1946. Japan was extensively fire bomded during the second world war. The stench of sewer gas, rotting garbage, and the acrid smell of ashesand scorched debris pervaded the air. The Japanese people had to livein the damp, and cold of the concrete buildings, because they were theonly ones left. Little remained of the vulnerable wooden frame, tileroof dwelling lived in by most Japanese. When the first signs ofwinter set in, the occupation forces immediately took over all thesteam-heated buildings. The Japanese were out in the cold in the firstpost war winter fuel was very hard to find, a family was consideredlucky if they had a small barely glowing charcoal brazier to huddlearound. That next summer in random spots new ho uses were built, eachhouse was standardized at 216 square feet, and required 2400 boardfeet of material in order to be built. A master plan for a modernisticcity had been drafted, but it was cast aside because of the lack oftime before the next winter. The thousands of people who lived inrailroad stations and public parks needed housing. All the Japanese heard was democracy from the Americans. Allthey cared about was food. General MacArthur asked the government tosend food, when they refus ed he sent another telegram that said,Send me food, or send me bullets. American troops were forbidden toeat local food, as to keep from cutting from cutting into the sparselocal supply. No food was was brought in expressly for the Japanese durningthe first six months after the American presence there. HerbertHoover, serving as chairman of a special presidential advisorycommittee, recommended minimum imports to Japan of 870,000 tons offood to be distributed in different urban areas. Fish, the source ofso much of the protein in the Japanese diet, were no longer availablein adequate quantities because the fishing fleet, particularly thelarge vessels, had been badly decimated by the war and because theU.S.S.R. closed off the fishing grounds in the north. The most important aspect of the democratization policy was theadoption of a new constitution and its supporting legislation. Whenthe Japanese government proved too confused or too reluctant to comeup with a constitutional reform that satisfied MacArthur, he had hisown staff draft a new constitution in February 1946. This, with onlyminor changes, was then adopted by the Japanese government in the formof an imperial amendment to the 1889 constitution and went into effecton May 3, 1947. The new Constitution was a perfection of the Britishparliamentary form of government that the Japanese had been movingtoward in the 1920s. Supreme political power was assigned to the Diet. Cabinets were made responsible to the Diet by having the primeminister elected by the lower house. The House of Peers was replacedby an elected House of Councillors. The judicial system was made asindependent of executive interference as possible, and a newly createdsupreme court was given the power to review the constitutionality oflaws. Local governments were given greatly increased powers. I Went To The Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra Concert At Eastman Thea EssayFriends of the old Zaibatsu bought the stock. In the long run theZaibatsu were not exactly destroyed, but a few were weakened andothers underwent a considerable shuffle. The initial period of the occupation from 1945 to 1948 wasmarked by reform, the second phase was one of stabilization. Greaterattention was given to improvement of the economy. Japan was a heavyexpense to the United States. The ordered breakup of the Zaibatsu wasslowed down. The union movement continued to grow, to the ult imatebenefit of the worker. Unremitting pressure on employers broughtswelling wages, which meant the steady expansion of Japan domesticconsumer market. This market was a major reason for Japans subsequenteconomic boom. Another boom to the economy was the Korean War whichproved to be a blessing in disguise. Japan became the main stagingarea for military action in Korea and went on a war boom economy without having to fight in or pay for a war. The treaty of peace with Japan was signed at San Francisco inSeptember 1951 by Japan, the United States, and forty-seven othernations. The Soviet Union refused to sign it. The treaty went intoeffect in April 1952, officially terminating the United Statesmilitary occupation and restoring full independence. What is extraordinary in the Occupation and its aftermath wasthe insignificance of the unpleasant. For the Japanese, the nobilityof American ideals and the essential benignity of the Americanpresence assuaged much of the bitterness and anguish of defeat. Forthe Americans, the joys of promoting peace and democracy triumphedover the attendant fustrations and grievances. Consequently, theOccupation served to lay down a substantial capital of good will onwhich both America and Japan would draw in the years ahead. BIBLIOGRAPHYChristopher, Robert C. /The Japanese Mind/. New York: FawcettColumbine, 1983La Cerda, John. /The Conqueror Comes to Tea/. New Brunswick: R utgersUniversity Press, 1946Manchester, William. /American Caesar/. New York: Dell PublishingCompany, Inc., 1978Perry, John Curtis. /Beneath the Eagles Wings/. New York: Dodd, MeadAnd Company, 1980Reischauer, Edwin O. / The Japanese/. London: Belknap Press, 1977Seth, Ronald. /Milestones in Japanese History/. Philadelphia: ChiltonBook Company, 1969Sheldon, Walt. /The Honorable Conquerors/. New York: The MacmillanCompany., 1965

Childhood Obesity Nutrition Policies

Question: Discuss about the Childhood Obesity for Nutrition Policies. Answer: Introduction: The childhood obesity is an increasing epidemic and is giving rise to many chronic diseases in children in Australia. For this, Australian government is forming strong policies that include dietary changes; health education, school nutrition policies, physical education and a framework addressing the ethical issues are the unpinning factors for consideration. There are key policies that help in child health education and in dealing with childhood obesity. According to Childhood obesity Legislation 2013 school nutrition policies are implementing healthy policies like availability of nutritious foods throughout the school (Bradshaw 2016). The screening of diabetes is also an important policy in which children are informed about diabetes and related risk. According to the existing laws for diabetes care, medications are given to the diabetic children. The state legislation are also providing insurances for the coverage and strengthening of diabetes insurance for children. The implementation of physical education policy approaches to include physical education in school setting and they evaluate over the policy. The resolutions are also being taken by the state legislatives to create awareness among the public by addressing policies on childhood obesity (Lamb et al. 2014). There is school health policy and education policy that puts emphasis on the childhood education addressing the childhood obesity problem and educating the parents and caregivers. School wellness policies help to strengthen wellness programs educating the children and their tutors about childhood obesity. The school lunch program serves students in educating them about ill effects of obesity and ethical issues like social stigmatization due to obesity, confidentiality and informed consent. National policies also introduce health and physical education classes, nutrition and healthy cooking classes. The above mentioned policies demonstrate advocacy and health equity among the children. They are intended to work against discrimination based on the body weight of the children. The policies ensure that there is no bias between the indigenous and non-indigenous population in Australia. They are aimed at protecting and prioritizing the children and ensure that culturally protected health services are provided to them. The Obesity Policy Coalition in Australia influences change in policy related to child health education on obesity and promotes equality among the target population. The Public Health Association of Australia undertakes the responsibility to address the childhood obesity according to the National Nutrition Policy that addresses the issue of early nutrition and its role in a childs later life (oecd.org 2016). The policies encompass the children living in remote and rural areas and make sure that they have access to health education opportunities and services to make heal thy choices. The Australian education system ensures fair and inclusive policies contributing to equitable education among children. The policies are made with a perspective to provide a positive environment for the diverse subgroups of children for behavior change with respect to lifestyle and food choices. The policy makers take into account the equity by delivering child health education policy among the low socio economic community children. The Australian child education system focuses on reduction of inequalities by introducing policies that eliminate inequality in child education (health.gov.au 2016). There are strategies that strengthen the Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders in providing child health education classes and training on childhood obesity. Therefore, these policies advocate child health education highlighting the issue of childhood obesity. References Bradshaw, J., 2016.The Well-being of Children in the UK. Policy Press. health.gov.au, 2016. Australia: The Healthiest Country BY 2020 [online] Available at: https://www.health.gov.au/internet/preventativehealth/publishing.nsf/Content/E233F8695823F16CCA2574DD00818E64/$File/obesity-jul09.pdf [Accessed 29 Dec. 2016]. Lamb, M.E., Sternberg, K.J., Hwang, C.P. and Broberg, A.G., 2014.Child care in context: Cross-cultural perspectives. Psychology Press. oecd.org, 2016. Education Policy Outlook: Australia [online] Available at: https://www.oecd.org/education/EDUCATION%20POLICY%20OUTLOOK%20AUSTRALIA_EN.pdf [Accessed 29 Dec. 2016].

The Image In The Mirror Essays - Psychiatric Diagnosis,

The Image In The Mirror Thesis Statement: Anorexia Nervosa, a disturbing disease of denial, consisting of self -imposed starvation and the intense fear of gaining weight, is becoming an epidemic among many teenage girls due to the environment, biochemistry, and personality of the individual. I. The immediate environment, friends and family, directly influence the development of anorexia. A. Anorexics tend to come from families placing strong emphasis on food and the family may have used food for purposes other than nourishment such as a sign of love for the providers or used when family members face unpleasant situations. B. There is a greater risk of a person developing anorexia when a member of their family has had the disorder or when a parent is either very thin or obese. C. Overly critical brothers and fathers of the girls weight and attractiveness have a forceful impact on the development of anorexia. D. Special dietary needs of a family member, emphasis on nutrition, and power struggles over eating assist in the self-imposed starvation. E. Nutritional labeling on the foods and mothers stocking their refrigerators with low fat and no-fat foods may actually lead to eating problems. 1. The mothers eating habits greatly influence the daughters and it is recommended that the daughters favorite foods are in the house. 2. The mother should invite her daughter to the grocery store to choose some of her favorite fruits, vegetables, meats, and cereals. 3. Making this a routine can help provide a positive aspect on the importance of nutrition. F. It is important for family members to promote self-esteem in intellectual, athletic, and social endeavors. 1. The parents should examine their own attitudes toward weight to discover how they could be affecting the children. 2. Discussing the dangers of dieting, the value of moderate exercise, and the importance of eating a variety of foods can help minimize the chances of developing anorexia. II. Biochemistry also contributes to the development of anorexia. B. In the neuroendocrine system, a combination of the central nervous and the hormonal systems, there are seriously disturbed mechanisms in people with eating disorders. 1. The neuroendocrine system regulates sexual function, physical growth and development, appetite and digestion, kidney functions and emotions. 2. The common symptoms of anorexia directly relate to the disturbed mechanisms in the neuroendocrine system. 3. Common symptoms such as serious depression, bingeing and consuming large amounts of food and showing no noticeable weight gain, and loss of menstrual periods are directly associated with the disturbed neuroendocrine system that normally regulates these functions. B. There have been several chemicals found that can be directly related to symptoms of anorexia. 1. The neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine, key chemical messengers in the central nervous system, are significantly decreased in ill anorexic patients. 2. The decrease of the chemicals serotnin and norepinephrine cause severe depression, one symptom of anorexia. 3. Another brain chemical found to be abnormal in people with anorexia is the hormone vasopressin. 4. Vasopressin is what contributes to the obsessive-compulsive behavior of the patients. 5. There have also been higher than normal levels of cortisol found in anorexic patients, a brain hormone released in response to stress. 6. The high levels of cortisol are caused by a problem that occurs in or near the hypothalamus. 7. The hypothalamus is the part of the brain that regulates menstruation, eating, metabolism, body temperature and sleep. 8. It has not been established if anorexia causes the hypothalamus disturbance or if the hypothalamus directly influences the occurrence of anorexia. 9. By exploring the roles of chemicals played in the brain, the findings are making it possible to explain why and how this disease is occurring. III. Personality traits are a source of psychological symptoms of anorexia nervosa patients. A. Anorexics tend to have self-critical and obsessional personality traits. 1. They are known for their compliant behavior and attainment of good grades, and are often perfectionists. 2. There is often repugnance at sexual development. 3. Associated with the perfectionistic personality is an all-or-none kind of reasoning and the setting of unattainable goals. B. Family personality traits that encourage anorexia are enmeshment, rigidity, overprotectiveness and inability to resolve conflict within the family. 1. Thirty-six of 39 young female patients refer

Spanish Verbs That Mean To Take

Spanish Verbs That Mean To Take Take is one of those English words that is all but impossible to translate to Spanish without some context. As can be seen in the list below, take has dozens of meanings - so it cant be translated with a single Spanish verb or even a handful of them. Although you always should translate to Spanish based on meaning rather than word-for-word, thats especially true with take. Meanings and Spanish Translations for To Take Here are some common uses (though certainly not all) of the verb to take in English along with possible translations to Spanish. Of course, the Spanish verbs listed arent the only ones available, and the choice you make will often depend on the context in which it is used. to take to get possession of - tomar - Tomà ³ el libro y fue a la biblioteca. (He took the book and went to the library.)to take to transport (something) and give possession to someone else - llevar - Le llevo las manzanas a Susana. (Im taking the apples to Susana.)to take to transport (a person) - llevar - Llevà ³ a Susana al aeropuerto. (She took Susana to the airport.)to take to remove, to pick - coger - Cogieron las manzanas del rbol. (They took the apples off the tree.)to take to snatch (from someone) - arrebatar -  ¿Te arrebatà ³ el sombrero? (Did he take your hat?)to take to steal - robar, quitar - A Susana le robaron mucho dinero. (They took a lot of money from Susana.)to take to accept - aceptar -  ¿Aceptan los cheques? (Do they take checks?)to take to subscribe to (a newspaper or magazine) - suscribirse, abonarse - Me suscribo al Wall Street Journal. (I take the Wall Street Journal.)to take to hold - coger - Dà ©jeme que le coja el sombrer o. Let me take your hat.)to take to travel by - coger, tomar, ir en - Tomarà © el autobà ºs. (I will take the bus.) to take to require - necesitar, requerir, llevar - Necesita mucho coraje. (It takes a lot of courage.)to take to require or wear (a certain size or type of clothing) - calzar (said of shoes), usar (said of clothing) - Calzo los de tamaà ±o 12. (I take size 12 shoes.)to take to last, to use time - durar - No durar mucho.  (It wont take long.)to take to study - estudiar - Estudio la sicologà ­a. (Im taking psychology.)to take a bath (shower) - baà ±arse (ducharse) - No me baà ±o los lunes. (I dont take baths on Mondays.)to take a break, to take a rest - tomarse un descanso - Vamos a tomarnos un descanso a las dos. (Were going to take a break at 2.)to take after to chase, to go after - perseguir - El policà ­a persiguià ³ el ladrà ³n. (The policeman took after the thief.)to take after to resemble - parecerse - Marà ­a se parece a su madre.  (Marà ­a takes after her mother.)to take apart - desmontar - Desmontà ³ el carro. (She took the car apart.)to take away, to take from, to take off to remove - quitar - Les quitaron el sombrero. (They took their hats off.) to take away, to take off to subtract - sustraer, restar - Va a sustraer dos euros de la cuenta. (He is going to take two euros off the bill.)to take back to return - devolver - No le he devuelto el coche.  (I havent taken back the car to him.)to take cover - esconderse, ocultarse - Se escondià ³ de la policà ­a. (He took cover from the police.)to take down to dismantle - desmontar - Desmontaron la valla publicitaria.  (They took the billboard down.)to take an exam or test - presentar un examen, presentarse a un examen - El otro dà ­a me presentà © a un examen.  (The other day I took a test.)to take down, to take notes - anotar, escribir, tomar apuntes - Quiero que escriba la informacià ³n.  (I want you to take down the information.)to take (someone) for - tomar por - Ud. no me tomarà ­a por un chef. (You wouldnt take me for a chef.)to take in to deceive - engaà ±ar - Me engaà ±Ãƒ © por el farsante.  (I was taken in by a liar.)to take in to und erstand - comprender - No pudo comprenderlo. (He couldnt take it in.) to take in to include - incluir, abarcar - El parque incluye dos lagos.  (The park takes in two lakes.)to take in to provide lodging for - acoger - Mi madre acoge a muchos gatos. (My mother takes in many cats.)to take off to go away - irse - Se fue como un murcià ©lago. (He took off like a bat.)to take off weight - adelgazar - Adelgaza por la actividad fà ­sica. (He is taking off weight through physical activity.)to take on to accept or assume (responsibilities) - aceptar, asumir - No puedo aceptar la responsabilidad. (I cant accept the responsibility.)to take on to employ - emplear, coger - Empleamos dos trabajadores. (We took on two workers.)to take out to remove  - sacar  - El dentista me sacà ³ una muela. (The dentist took out a molar of mine.)to take ones word for it - creer - No voy a creerte.  (Im not going to take your word for it.)to take over to assume operations - absorber, adquirir, apoderarse - El gobierno se apoderà ³ el ferrocarril.   (The government took over the railroad.) to take a picture - tomar una foto, hacer una foto - Tomà © tres fotos. (I took three pictures.)to take pity on - compadecerse de - Me compadecà © los pobres. (I took pity on the poor people.)to take prisoner - capturar, tomar priso - El policà ­a le capturà ³ el ladrà ³n. (The policeman took the thief prisoner.)to take up to begin - dedicarse a - Se dedicà ³ a nadar. (She took up swimming.)to take a walk - dar un paseo - Voy a dar un paseo. (Im going to go for a walk.) Use Caution With Coger Although coger is an entirely innocent and ordinary word in some regions, in other regions it can have an obscene meaning - take care when using this term.

Cuban Legal System and Stereotypes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cuban Legal System and Stereotypes - Essay Example The movie creates negative stereotypes of Cuban people as criminals and drug-dealers. It portrays that the majority of immigrants are criminals who follow the same way of life in America. Immigrants can acquire schooling in either the country of origin or in the country of destination. The movie portrays that immigration has been an economic phenomenon, operating through labor demand within more or less competitive labor markets in the United States. Workers like Manny and Tonny, have quickly responded as economic men and women to any indications that jobs were available to them; the pay that they could earn in the United States was many times greater than the sums that they received for subsistence farming, hired farm work, or other kinds of low-skilled employment in Mexico. With wages on the order of seven to ten times higher in the United States than in Ciba throughout the century, an extremely strong motive force for migration has existed and has produced actual migration wheneve r U.S. employers have beckoned. Cuban people are portrayed as low skilled and low educated who agree on any job even if it illegal. I select these stereotypes (stereotypes of a criminal and poor immigrant) because they reflect the plot and message sent by the movie. Poverty and underemployment in Cuba are conditions from which many workers have obviously wanted to escape, but escape is not possible until there is someplace to escape to. The United States at various times has put out a call for Mexican workers. Poverty in Cuba has meant that an ever-ready pool of labor has been available south of the border, waiting to be tapped; it is clear that U.S. economic agents, largely employers, have decided when that pool would be tapped. In other words, Mexican migration, at least until recently, has not been a case of workers and their families unilaterally overriding U.S. border and immigration control in order to escape

Stage 3 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Stage 3 - Case Study Example In addition, integrating of technological solution in the center will aid in attracting many youths who are the center’s targeted group in the market, hence maintaining client’s loyalty. The center ought to establish a secure and free WI-FI system in the premises as well as improvise a membership database, which is digital. Therefore, coordination and timesaving in the center would be easier to suit both the clients and the center’s staff. In addition, usage of smart cards and key chain rings for store vital information will make clients feel comfortable in the center. To attain this, the center ought to embark on intensive advertising of its products and services via the internet besides employing personal trainers especially for clients with special needs. Hardware: The essential hardware aspects associated with e-commerce are server, input as well as output tools and database management system. This server will contain critical information and will act as a backup for information preservation system. Input devices such as mouse and keyboards are efficient tools in the e-commerce system (Carter, 2008). Software: Software is the other vital aspect of e-commerce business process. The most essential software for e-commerce is the database management system, which can store vital information in the form of text and images. The database for UMUC Healthy Fitness Centre can be located in the central server or multiple workstations (Carter, 2008). Internet accessibility in the center is very important thus ranked â€Å"high† because it was not there before. It is very important because the clients will be accessing center’s membership database to deposit their payments and view advertisements by the Fitness Center. The technology system ought to be available always to both prospective and initial clients. Its rank is â€Å"high† because the center being a 24-hour enterprise must enable essential systems

Idealism Philosophy Using the dialectic as an instructional method Essay

Idealism Philosophy Using the dialectic as an instructional method - Essay Example One way - the Socratic method - is to show that a given hypothesis (with other admissions) leads to a contradiction; thus, forcing the withdrawal of the hypothesis as a candidate for truth. Another way of trying to resolve a disagreement is by denying some presupposition of the contending thesis and antithesis; thereby moving to a third thesis. Briefly, the term "dialectic" owes much of its prestige to its role in the philosophy of Plato, where it figures as the logical method of philosophy in the Socratic dialectical method of cross-examination. The term was given new life by Hegel, whose dialectically dynamic model of nature and history made it, as it were, a fundamental aspect of the nature of reality (instead of regarding the contradictions into which dialectics leads as a sign of the sterility of the dialectical method, as Kant tended to do in his Critique of Pure Reason). Hegel's dialectic, which he usually presented in a threefold manner, was vulgarized by Heinrich Moritz Chalybaus as comprising three dialectical stages of development: a thesis, giving rise to its reaction, an antithesis which contradicts or negates the thesis, and the tension between the two being resolved by means of a synthesis. In the mid-nineteenth century, the concept of "dialectic" was appropriated by and Engels and retooled in a non-idealist manner, becoming a crucial notion i

Donnes Convincing Techniques In His Argumentative Poems English Language Essay

Donnes Convincing Techniques In His Argumentative Poems English Language Essay After John Donnes poetry became prominent again in the 20th century, many critics have tried to identify the source of Donnes persuasiveness throughout his poems. Some related this to his masculine expression. Some others related it to the manly culture of the speakers. Others still believed in the idea that Donne has reached to this level of persuasiveness through manipulation of language. But it seems that Donnes convincing power cannot be attributed to these techniques alone. This paper will briefly introduce three major techniques which can be considered as the source of his persuasiveness. If we want to categorize Donnes poetry into some groups, two groups surely will constitute his argumentative and seductive poems. In the first one, the speaker tries to persuade someone to take a specific action or to adopt a certain point of view or at least has an appreciation for the speakers argumentative skill. The speakers in the argumentative poems have different aims: one tries to stop people from criticizing his love, while another tries to get the sun to stop shining into his room. The convincing power of an argumentative poem is determined by whether or not the reader side with the speaker at the end of the poem rather than the speakers opponent. The listeners can be referred to as witnesses than a participant in this debate and in this position they can evaluate the persuasiveness of the poem by determining the effect of the poem on them. In the other group which is seductive poems, the speaker shares a common purpose in making his arguments: to get a woman to sleep with him. The approach that Donne is using here to persuade his loves is to construct logical arguments. So the seductive poems can also be considered as pieces of persuasion because the speakers success is based on the strength of the argument. Analyzing Donnes argumentative and seductive poems makes it clear that there are some repeated techniques at work in these poems. These techniques help the speakers create powerful arguments that persuade the readers. One technique that is found in almost all of Donnes persuasive poems is that his speakers systematically prove each claim. This is clearly achieved by his great ability in using wit and reason even in his most sensuous poems that is called the association sensibility. Even his most passionate poems work by reason and logic. This logic can be seen when Donnes speakers give examples and evidence to support their claims. The other persuasive technique found in many of Donnes poems is using vivid metaphors and similes to ground the arguments in a pleasing and convincing way. Donnes speakers use these poetic devices not for decoration but to help explain abstract concepts of love. This practical use of literary devices can be seen clearly in the fact that many of Donnes metaphors come from ordinary objects that are familiar. Many of Donnes images come from business or are objects that can be found in urban settings. This familiarity makes the metaphors easy to understand, which is useful in persuading a reader. And the last repeated technique used in most of Donnes argumentative and seductive poems is that his speakers use a bold and direct manner of expression. In this delivery technique, Donne includes lines that contain especially loaded words delivered in a straightforward manner which in turn gives it a tremendous force. This force helps persuade the readers by adding emotional power to the logic of the argument. This paper attempts to show the application of aforementioned techniques, through a detailed analysis, in three of Donnes most famous persuasive poems: The Apparition, Sun Rising, and The Flea. The Apparition In The Apparition, Donnes speaker employs very unconventional methods to seduce a woman. Instead of using flattery or romantic lines, the speaker uses frightening words in order to get the woman to be with him. This method is so unconventional that many readers do not read The Apparition as a seductive poem. While the majority of readers do not consider The Apparition to be a seductive poem, there is textual evidence to the contrary. Early in the poem, the speaker alludes to past attempts to seduce the woman when he says, And that thou thinkst thee free/From all solicitation from mee (1-2). The word solicitation indicates that the speaker has been romantically interested in the woman. This interest introduces the idea that the speakers ultimate goal may be to seduce the woman. The idea that the speakers aim is seduction is confirmed at the poems conclusion when the speaker says, I had rather thou shouldst painfully repent,/Than by my threatnings rest still innocent (16-17). The crime the woman needs to repent for is revealed earlier in the poem when the speaker says the woman is killing him by refusing his advances. The woman can be innocent if she accepts the speakers solicitations and thus ceases to kill him. This conclusion shows that the speakers aim all along has been for the woman to sleep with him. This intent characterizes The Apparition as a seductive poem. The technique the speaker uses to seduce the woman is to frighten her into being with him. The speaker hopes that if he scares the woman enough, she will choose to be with him to avoid facing the grim future that awaits her if she rejects him. While this approach is unconventional, the speaker has tried seducing the woman through conventional approaches that have failed. Frightening the woman is a way for the speaker to try a new technique since his old techniques are not working. The first fear technique employed by the speaker is a strong line at the beginning of the poem. The speaker opens by saying, When by thy scorne, O murdresse, I am dead (1). This line is strongly worded in that it uses words loaded with negative connotations like murdresse and dead. By accusing the woman of murder at the beginning, the speaker is establishing an aggressive tone that carries an emotional force throughout the rest of the poem. This emotional force puts the woman in a vulnerable position, and sets her up to be persuaded. The predominant fear strategy employed by the speaker is to threaten the woman. The threat takes the form of a ghost that will haunt her as the speaker reveals when saying, Then shall my ghost come to thy bed (4). This threat is consistent with the claim that the woman is killing the speaker since ghosts are thought to avenge undeserved deaths. Being haunted by a ghost is a frightening prospect that the woman would want to avoid. If the ghosts presence is not intimidating enough, the speaker claims that the ghost will issue a frightening proclamation. The speaker says, What I will say, I will not tell thee now,/Lest that preserve thee' (14-15). The I the speaker refers to is his ghost. There are many painful utterances the ghost can make, such as cursing the woman or damning her, but the speaker does not reveal what will be said. Not revealing what the ghost will say is another way in which the speaker further frightens the woman. The final way in which the speaker frightens the woman into being with him is by negatively depicting the alternative. The speaker gives a grim portrait of the man she will be with if she does not accept him when he says: And he, whose thou art then, being tyrd before, Will, if you stirre, or pinch to wake him, thinke Thou callst for more, And in false sleepe will from thee shrinke, And then poore Aspen wretch, neglected thou Bathd in a cold quicksilver sweat wilt lye (7-12). The womans future lover is presented as pathetic. He does not have much ability in bed since he pretends to be sleeping to avoid having sex. He also is not protective since he does not come to the womans aid when she is confronted by the ghost. With this description, the speaker tries to convince the woman into thinking that she would be better off had she accepted him. This is a type of threat since the speake r presents a scene of future misery if she does not accept him. By threatening, the speaker tries to get the woman to be with him out of fear of the alternatives. Through using strongly worded lines, threatening the woman, and negatively depicting the competition, Donnes speaker makes the unusual attempt at seducing the woman through fear. It is safe to say that the speaker is very effective in frightening the woman, but it is unknown whether this approach will cause the lady to accept him. This approach certainly has the advantage of novelty, and since standard seduction techniques were not working on the woman, maybe a novel approach will. The Sun Rising The Sunne Rising is one of Donnes most popular poems. It is unique among Donnes argumentative poems in that the speaker addresses an inanimate object, the Sun. In the poem, the speaker is lying in bed with his lover and is upset that sunlight is shining through the window. The speaker makes an argument to try to get the Sun to leave so he and his lover can stay in bed. The poem is not truly argumentative, however, because in the middle of the poem the speaker turns from arguing with the Sun to praising the woman he is with. Until the focus shifts, the persuasive technique found in the poem is a personal attack through insulting the Sun, challenging its power, and giving it commands. These techniques give force to the speakers delivery and lower the audiences impression of the Sun. The persuasive force of the poem comes from the angry tone the speaker uses when talking to the Sun. From the start of the poem, the speaker establishes his angry tone by insulting the Sun. Busie old foole, unruly Sunne, Why dost thou thus, Through windowes, and through curtaines call on us? Must to thy motions lovers seasons run (1-4). In a formal argument, it would be unmannerly to insult an opponent. By insulting the Sun, the speaker shows that he is so overcome with anger that he is unable to restrain himself. This emotion carries over through the rest of the poem and gives the speakers words additional force. Additionally, insults diminish the power and the importance of the Sun by generating the idea that the Sunne does not need to be respected. In arguments, if one person, or the Sun, is well respected, they have credibility with the audience. By insulting the Sun, the speaker eliminates this advantage. The speaker further diminishes the importance of the Sun by questioning the power it possesses. At one point, the speaker challenges the Suns brightness by saying: Thy beames, so reverend, and strong Why shouldst thou thinke? I could eclipse and cloud them with a winke, But that I would not lose her sight so long (11-14). The speaker is not impressed by the Suns brightness since he can close his eyes if he chooses. This attack severely challenges the Suns power since brightness is the most important attribute of the Sun. If the Suns brightness is not respected, then there is no reason to respect the Sun. Another way the speaker diminishes the importance of the Sunne is by giving it orders. The speaker suggests that the Sun take alternative actions: Sawcy pedantique wretch, goe chide Late schoole boyes and sowre prentices, Goe tell Court-huntsmen, that the King will ride, Call countrey ants to harvest offices (5-8). These suggestions take the form of direct commands. By giving orders to the Sun, the speaker asserts that he has the power. The unconcerned content of the orders reinforces the speakers power by portraying the Sun as merely a nuisance the speaker wants to be rid of. By diminishing the Sun and establishing that he is the one with power, the speaker gains credibility with the audience. While argumentative elements and persuasive techniques are present in the first part of the poem, they are absent later on. Instead of arguing with the Sun, the speaker turns his attention to praising the woman that he is with. Romantic lines abound as when the speaker says Sheis all States, and all Princes, I,/Nothing else is (21-22). The speaker is consumed by the woman. This change of purpose is characterized when the speaker tells the Sun to stay in the room and just to shine on them: Thine age askes ease, and since thy duties bee To warme the world, thats done in warming us. Shine here to us, and thou art every where; this bed thy center is, these walls, thy spheare (27-30). Telling the Sun to stay in the room is the complete opposite of what the speaker wanted in the first half of the poem. The speaker becomes so focused on his love that he forgets his initial argument. While parts of the poem are extremely argumentative, The Sun Rising is not a complete argumentative poem since the argument does not carry through till the end. While the poem may not truly be argumentative, it certainly is persuasive. By personally attacking the Sun through insults, challenging its power, and giving orders, the speaker crafts a forceful delivery and causes the audience to transfer any importance and reverence for the Sun to himself. The speaker possesses influence with readers, which causes them to side with him. Noticeably, the speaker does not rely on logic to make his argument. The Sun Rising shows how a speaker can craft a persuasive argument solely with a forceful delivery and personal attacks. The Flea The persuasive techniques Donne includes in his persuasion poems culminate in The Flea. In addition to being Donnes most popular poem, The Flea is the ultimate seductive poem. No matter how little success he has, Donnes speaker refuses to give up and keeps trying to win over the woman. Many persuasive techniques are found in The Flea, including the use of a common metaphor, vigorously presenting the argument of the speaker, and adapting the arguments logic to fit the situation. By basing the argument on a flea, Donnes speaker uses the persuasive technique of employing a common metaphor. The speaker establishes the metaphor at the beginning of the poem by saying, Marke but this flea, and marke in this,/How little that which thou denyst me is (1-2). By examining the flea, the speaker intends to show the woman that having sex is not a big deal. The flea is significant because it sucks blood. The speaker says, It suckd me first, and now sucks thee,/And in this flea, our two bloods mingled bee (3-4). In Donnes time, sex was thought to involve the mixing of blood, so the flea biting the man and woman is a metaphor for sex. Although this is the reason the flea was chosen as a metaphor, it has other persuasive benefits. A flea is an ordinary object that is familiar. This familiarity makes it a good choice as a metaphor, since it is able to be understood to the connections that Donne draws. The metaphor is also a good choice because the flea is a natural object. Metaphors drawn from natural occurrences are the most credible. They represent an ideal state because they are free from human intervention. People are more willing to apply the lessons of such metaphors to their own lives. For these reasons, using the flea as a metaphor is a good persuasive strategy. A second persuasive technique employed by the speaker is to vigorously present the speakers argument at the expense of the womans. The Flea is a dramatic argument in that both sides argue their point of view. The womans reactions, however, are not revealed in the lines, but rather take place in the stanza breaks. The reader learns about the womans response in the opening lines of the second and third stanzas. In the second stanza, the reader learns that the woman is getting ready to smash the flea when the speaker says, Oh stay, three lives in one flea spare ( 10). In the third stanza, the reader learns that the woman has killed the flea when the speaker says, Cruell and sodaine, hast thou since/Purpled thy naile, in blood of innocence (19- 20). With these lines, the speaker makes the woman seem cruel for taking such harsh actions against the flea. Since these actions represent the womans response, this characterization articulates the womans argument. The only reference to the womans argument comes near the end of the poem when the speaker says, Yet thou triumphst, and saist that thou/Findst not thy selfe, nor mee the weaker now (23-24). The speakers prior coloring makes the act seem like needless aggression rather than a triumph. Her claim similarly lacks the argument. The disparity in presenting the two arguments causes the speaker to have the persuasive advantage over the woman. In The Flea, the speakers most noteworthy technique is adjusting his arguments in response to the situation. The speaker goes through a variety of logical approaches in attempting to win over the woman. Initially, the speaker tries to argue that having sex is not a big deal. He uses a proof by definition to show that the flea sucking blood from the two of them is the equivalent of sex. If sex consists of the mixing of blood, then the flea biting both of them can be thought of as sex. This approach is persuasive since proofs by definitions are logically sound. Once the speaker establishes that the flea bite resembles sex, the speaker minimizes the scale of the act by saying, Thou knowst that this cannot be said/A sinne, nor shame, nor losse of maidenhead (5-6). The flea bite does not carry all of the negative ramifications associated with sex. The speaker implies that since the acts are equal, then sex similarly should not carry with it all of the negative connotations. Those ramifica tions are presumably why the woman does not want to have sex with the speaker. The speaker uses the metaphor of a flea to alleviate the womans fears. Ultimately, this approach does not work; the woman not only denies sex with the speaker, but she also makes a move to smash the flea. When the speakers initial approach fails, he adjusts his argument. The second stanza is not as much about getting the woman to have sex as it is stopping her from killing the flea. The speaker attempts to prevent her from killing the flea by giving much greater importance to the flea bite, such as when he says, where we almost, yea more than married are./This flea is you and I, and this/Our mariage bed, and mariage temple is (11-13). Since parts of themselves share such close quarters in the flea, the speaker equates that to marriage. While in the first stanza downplays the significance of the flea bite, the second stanza builds up the importance of the act. Since the first approach failed, the speaker attempts a different strategy. This argument is not as strong as the first. Comparing the meaning of their blood in the flea to marriage is a stretch, but the situation meets some of the requirements that define marriage. The speaker additionally tries to convince the woman not to kill the flea by raising moral issues. The speaker says, Though use make you apt to kill mee,/Let not to that, selfe murder added bee,/And sacrilege, three sins in killing three (16-18). The three sins the woman would commit if she killed the flea would be murdering the speaker, suicide, and committing disrespect against their marriage temple. Appealing to the womans morality is a good tactic because she is concerned with sin, since that is one of her fears regarding sex. This line of reasoning is another example of the speaker fitting his argument to the situation. The speakers persuasive techniques once again fail as, despite his efforts, the woman kills the flea. This occurs in the break between stanzas two and three. Killing the flea is the womans way of refuting the notion that the flea has the importance that the speaker gives it in stanza two. By killing the flea, the woman also communicates that the speakers plan to use the metaphor of the flea to persuade her into having sex will not work. The speaker responds to the woman by once again changing his argument. First, he calls the woman cruel for killing the flea. Claiming that the violence is unnecessary, he says, Wherein could this flea guilty bee,/Except in that drop which it suckt from thee?. (21-22). The speaker tries to get the woman to recognize that she was wrong in her actions and, by extension, in her argument. The speaker then tries to minimize the significance of her killing the flea and uses it to convince her to have sex with him. The speaker says, Tis true, then learne how false, feares bee;/Just so much honor, when thou yeeldst to mee,/Will wast, as this fleas death tooke life from thee (25-27). The speaker reverses the argument he made in stanza two to once again show the importance of the flea. He argues that as much honor will be lost in having sex as life was lost by being bitten by the flea. This is the weakest argument in the poem, since the connection between blood loss and honor does not make much sense. With this argument, the speaker is making one last attempt at seducing the woman. The speaker adapts his argument a great deal in The Flea. When his initial plan of minimizing the flea to subsequently showing the magnitude of sex fails, he completely reverses his approach to elevating the importance of the flea. His attention also shifts from trying to get the woman to sleep with him to trying to stop her from killing the flea. When the woman kills the flea, the speaker shifts his argument again. He shows the significance of the flea to minimize the womans response. He also returns his focus to trying to get the woman to sleep with him. Ultimately the speakers seduction efforts probably fail. His logic gets progressively weaker as the poem progresses. Since the woman rejects his initial arguments, it is unlikely that she will be swayed by the inferior arguments he makes later. Although the speaker fails to seduce the woman, his effort is admirable. His techniques of basing his argume nt on a common, natural object and vigorously presenting his own arguments give him a persuasive advantage. He then shows great skill and persistence in molding his arguments throughout the poem. The speakers failure cannot be blamed on his approach or his amount of effort. Conclusion In examining these poems, it is clear that more than any other factor, the persuasive techniques that Donnes speakers employ make the arguments in his poems convincing. Donne uses a variety of techniques to help his speakers either win an argument or seduce a woman. The techniques found most often in Donnes persuasive poems are 1) systematically proving each claim, 2) employing vivid metaphors and similes to ground the arguments in a pleasing and convincing fashion, and 3) using a bold and direct manner of expression. There are also numerous techniques specific to individual poems that aid in convincing an audience. These persuasive techniques are not exclusive to Donnes poems, and can be found in many pieces of writing in which the speaker attempts to persuade his audience. Studying a master of rhetoric like Donne provides persuasive skills that can be used in everyday life.

Development of the character of Lady Macbeth :: essays research papers

It is a difficult task, to discover the essence and origin of a character and their trends, which so often surprise us by their existence where we least expect. Therefore, from what is known about Lady Macbeth is what should be written about her character. Lady Macbeth is amongst the most essential of characters in the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare. Upon her introduction in Act 1 Scene 5, Lady Macbeth is brought into the plot of the play. If I was asked to describe the lady in one word it would be ambitious. A person who collapses on reaching success, after striving for it with single-minded energy, is the figure of Shakespeare's Lady Macbeth. She fulfills her role among the nobility and is well respected like Macbeth. King Duncan calls her "our honored hostess." She is loving to her husband but at the same time very ambitious, as shown by her immediate determination for Macbeth to be king. This outcome will benefit her and her husband similarly. She immediately concludes that "the fastest way" for Macbeth to become king is by murdering King Duncan. She goes through a drastic change in the play. At first there is no hesitation, no sign of any internal conflict in her, no dispute, but that of overcoming the principles of her ambitious and yet tender-minded husband. She is ready to sacrifice even her femininity to her brutal intention, she asks the dark evils to â€Å"unsex† her and take all the traits of a human conscience, which lie within her. Without reflecting on the crucial part, which this womanliness must play when the question afterwards arises of preserving the aim of her intention, which has been attained in the course of a crime. She makes Macbeth kill his beloved king by taunting him and insulting him by using words such as â€Å"coward† and also says â€Å"I fear thy nature, It is too full o’th’milk of human kindness†; We see that, like Adam who gave in to Eve’s urging, Macbeth falls into the same trap, which eventually leads to their downfall as a couple. She did not comprehend that her nature is very similar to Macbeth’s at the start. Although later on she admits that she could not kill Duncan herself because he, â€Å"resembled her father while he slept†. This proves to the reader that she still has her womanly instincts and outlook, which shows us that the so-called spirits do not exist.

Finc2011 Major Assignment Essay

Executive summary Woolworths Limited (WOW), which is one of the listed companies in Australian Security Exchange (ASX) (ASX 200), is the largest supermarket in Australia (Kruger 2013), it specializes in the groceries, food and retailing (WOOLWORTHS LIMITED (WOW) 2013). The aim of this report is to estimate and determine the dividend growth rate, stock return and current share price of Woolworths. Methods used for the estimation include dividend growth model, Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and Gordon’s Growth Model. The results of the estimation indicate that the dividend payments will continuous increasing in the future, the return on the company’s assets is reasonable and its share price is expected to rise. In addition, recommendations associated with the investment decision will be provided to the public investors regarding to the risks in the market by comparing with companies within the same industry. However, there are still a number of limitations of the report such as a few assumptions are made for calculations and limitations due to the difference of risk free rate. Calculation of Growth Rate: The approach used to estimate the growth rate (g) for dividend payments of Woolworths is: g = Ploughback Ratio x Return on Equity (ROE) Ploughback Ratio = 1 – Payout Ratio In which, payout ratio refers to the ratio of dividends to earnings per share (EPS) (Brealey, Myers and Allen 2011). Souce: http://www.woolworthslimited.com.au/annualreport/2012/pdf/WW_AR12_Full.pdf Based on the figures above, the growth rate (g) for the 2012 should be: g = (1 – 0.8528) x 0.2722 = 4.01% In order to figure out a more accurate growth rate, the average should be taken from 2008 to 2012. As it is shown in the table, the average g = 7.68%. According to Woolworth’s annual report (2012), the payout ratio is quite stable, despite there is a sudden increase in 2012; hence, we could assume that the dividend payout ratio is constant. Meanwhile, although Woolworths’ Return on Equity (ROE) shows a slight decrease from 2008 to 2012, it is still fairly steady – close to 28%. Since both of two assumptions – constant dividend payout and return on equity – are satisfied (Mellare 2013), g = Ploughback x ROE is suppose to be an appropriate method to estimate the dividend growth rate for Woolworths. Calculation of required return using CAPM Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is a method used to measure the risk and return of an asset, which describes that each expected risk premium of an asset should rise in proportion to its beta (Brealey, Myers and Allen 2011): In which, ri refers to the return on asset, rf refers to the risk free rate of return, beta is the covariance and (rm-rf) is the market risk premium (Brealey, Myers and Allen 2011). To begin with, risk free rate (rf) should be determined. Generally, 10 years government bonds rate is considered to be risk free rate as it is commonly believed that a government would be unlikely to default on its obligations (McNickle 2011). However, it does not mean that government bonds face no risks, it still encounter inflation and interest rate risk (Brealey, Myers and Allen 2011). Source: http://www.rba.gov.asu/statistics/tables/xls/f02d.xls?accessed=2013-05-22-21-18-20 According to the Capital Market Yields – 10 years Government Bonds provided by Reserve Bank of Australia (2013), the 10-year government bond rates in 21th May 2013 is 3.26%, which should be used as the risk free rate (rf) for the calculation of CAPM. Source: http://www.ato.gov.au/super/content.aspx?menuid=0&doc=/content/60489.htm&page=36&H36 However, those may argue that based on the historical data from Australian Taxation Office (2013) – the table above, the average of risk free rate from 2003 to 2012 is calculated to be 5.34%, which should be the risk free rate for the calculation instead of 3.26%. Nevertheless, since the risk free rate is always changing, in order to estimate the return for asset more accurately, the current risk free rate 3.26% is supposed to be taken for the estimation. In this stage, the risky required return (rm), the same as market return, should be calculated. Stock market index is an approach to evaluate the value of stock market and S&P/ASX 200 is the most significant stock market index which tracks the performance of two hundred big Australian corporations (Australia Stock Market (S&P/ASX 200) 2013). Currently, S&P/ASX 200 is a primary share market index in Australia which replaced the All Ordinaries in April 2000 and has become the benchmark for investment for the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) (ASX 200 2013). Therefore, S&P/ASX 200 is the best indicator of the market return and used to determine the market return. Source: https://blackboard.econ.usyd.edu.au/bbcswebdav/pid-636137-dt-content-rid-201558_2/courses/FINC2011_SEM1_2013/All%20Ords%20Accumulation%20Indices.xls Based on the data from S&P/ASX 200 Accumulation index (daily), which is provided by Mellare (2013), the yearly index could be calculated by averaging all of the daily indexes for that year. Yearly market return (rm) can be determined by: In which, old market index refers to the index for year t and new index is the index for year (t+1). A table for the calculation of market return will be created in a similar way with the S&P/ ASX200 table (see Appendix – 1) for the periods of 10 years in order to comply with ASX. Due to the prices in 2013 is not completed, the market return for financial year (FY) 2012 cannot be estimated reliably. Importantly, averaging rm for 10 years from FY 2002 to FY 2011 is significant for the purpose of determining a more accurate figure. As a result, rm = 8.31%. Because rm is the sum of the risk free interest rate (rf) and a premium for risk (Brealey, Myers and Allen 2011), the risk premium, as a part of CAPM equation, can be calculated through: rm = rf + risk premium risk premium = rm – rf Based on the previous analysis, rf = 3.26% and rm = 8.31%, risk premium = 8.31% – 3.26% = 5.09%. According to the report from last year, the market risk premium is estimated to be 6.0% in October (Michael, Blake and Zolotic 2012), the estimated value of 5.09% is reasonable. According to the financial information from Reuters (2013), Woolworths’ beta (ÃŽ ²) = 0.34. Therefore, by applying CAPM: Calculation of Next Dividend Payment The next dividend payment should be determined by using: In which, d0 is the current dividend payment, d1 is the dividend for the next financial year and g is the growth rate. Souce:http://datanalysis.morningstar.com.au.ezproxy1.library.usyd.edu.au/af/company/dividendhistory?ASXCode=WOW&xtm-licensee=dat The table above shows the dividend history of Woolworths (Morningstar 2013). Since, the total dividend payment in 2012 is $67+59 = $126 cents/$1.26 per share, which should be d0, and the growth rate is estimated to be 7.68% in the previous calculations, d1 = 1.26*(1+7.68%) = $1.36, which is the total dividend payment for 2013. As the interim dividend for 2013 has already paid on 26/04/2013, the final dividend for 2013 which is the next dividend payment should be: $1.36–0.62=$0.74 per share. Determination of Expected Current Share Price The constant divident growth model, which is Gordon’s Growth Model, is used for estimating the current share price: In which, P0 refers to the current share price, d1 is the divident payment for the next year, re is the required rate of return and g is the growth rate. In order to calculate the current price P0, firstly, d1 need be calculated which should be the dividend for the next year – 2014. Hence, d1 = 1.36*(1+7.68%) = $ 1.46 As required rate of return (re) consists of both capital gains and dividend yields (Mellare 2013) and capital gains is the same as g (Mathis 2001), re = capital gains (g) + dividend yields. Souce: http://www.woolworthslimited.com.au/annualreport/2012/pdf/WW_AR12_Full.pdf According to the historical data from annural report of Woolworth (2012), taking the average of all of the dividend yields for the last five years – from 2008 to 2012, the dividend yield = 3.8808%. Therefore, re = 7.68% + 3.88% = 11.56% Lastly, the expected current share price in 2013 is: P0 = 1.46/(11.56%-7.68%) = $ 37.63 Recommodation and Discussion Investment decisions are rely on the return and risk associated with a security. According to CAPM, actural returns are measured by beta, which is defined as a security’s sencitivity relative to the changes in the value of the market portfolio (Brealey, Myers and Allen 2011), over the long run. Beta of Woolworths Limited is 0.34 (Reuters 2013), which is a good sign as it indicates that the company is insensitive to the market risk. Comparing it with other companies, Wesfarmers Limited (WES), the Perth-based conglomerate which selling food to customers (Greenblat 2013), has same situation with Woolworths in terms of growing trend of dividend payment and  sharing market risk as they operates within the same industry – food industriy. Beta of Wesfarmers is 0.96 (Reuters 2013),which means that Wesfarmers is more risky than Woolworths as it is as risky as the market porfolio (Brealey, Myers and Allen 2011). As well, beta of Goodman Fielder (GFF), another food company, is 0.98 (Reuters 2013), which means it shares almost the same risk with the market porfolio (Mellare 2013) – realtively in the same situation with Wesfarmers. Therefore, when concerning with the risks, it is recommended to invest in Woolworths. However, under CAPM, high-beta securities will result in high return: ri = rf + ÃŽ ²*(rm – rf) As all of these three companies are in the same market, they share the same market risk but the proportion is different based on their beta. Although, securities of Wesfarmers and Goodman Fielder are more risky than Woolworths due to higher beta, they provide higher return to investors. Since investment decisions are depend on personal interests (Mellare 2013), it cannot be denied that there are a few investors prefer higher returns with higher risks. Moreover, the higher returns compensate investors for higher risk, hence, it is unlikely to determine whether invest in Woolworths is a better option. Nevertheless, investing in Woolworth is still recommended. Investing in low-risk securities provides constant and stable returns. Investing in Woolworths is worthwhile not only because Woolworths provides quite constant returns, but also its potential to growth due to its strong profitability and cash flows (WOW – Woolworths Limited 2012). Overall, it is recommended to invest in Woolworths. It is important to notice that there are a number of limitations for this report. Firstly, the method used for calculating dividend growth is based on the assumptions – constant dividend payout and return on equity, but in reality, both dividend payout and return on equity are unlikely to be constant. Consequently, the calculation of g may not be accurate. As well, since the 10-year government bond rate, which is considered as risk free

Bernard Marx and His Social Rise Essays

Bernard Marx and His Social Rise Essays Bernard Marx and His Social Rise Paper Bernard Marx and His Social Rise Paper Bernard Marx and His Social Rise and Fall in Brave New World In this essay I will describe the social rise and fall of Bernard Marx, a character out of Aloud Huxley novel Brave New World. Particularly I will deal with the change that takes place in Bernard and how the attitude of the others towards Bernard changes. The moment he gets to know John the Savage, the son of the Director, he sees a possibility to get the attention and the respect of the others so Bernard takes John and his mother Linda to London. As soon as they arrive there suddenly everybody wants to meet and spend time with him and John. While Bernard thinks that everybody likes him now because of his discovery of John the others start talking things behind his back Like He wont find another Savage to help him out a second time. (p. 1 35 11. 27, 28). Bernard uses his new popularity to sleep with every woman he wants to and he also starts taking a lot of soma, a drug which he refused to take earlier. Consequently it seems that Bernard starts to live his life like the others use to do. He does things he used to refuse in the time he was not accepted in society. Taking everything into consideration it can be said that Barnyards acceptance in society did not hold on for a long time because he was only treated as a person of outstanding importance (p. 134 1. 15) due to the fact that the others could not meet John without spending time with Bernard.

Electrolysis essays

Electrolysis essays The investigation I am conducting is to find out how much copper is attracted to the cathode from passing electricity through copper sulphate solution through an experiment called Electrolysis. When the power pack is turned on electrons pass through the circuit and through the electrodes at the cathode, because the copper sulphate solution becomes ionized; that is, their molecules become dissociated into positively and negatively charged components, which have the property of conducting an electric current, the positively ions in the solution move toward the negative electrode and the negative ions towards the positive. When reaching the electrodes, the ions may gain or lose electrons turning them into neutral atoms or molecules. The positive copper ions and Hydrogen ions will be attracted toward the negative electrode (cathode), the copper ions discharge to form metallic copper whereas the Hydrogen ions will stay in the solution as the copper ions release their electrons more readil y than the Hydrogen ions. The Sulphate and Hydroxyl ions are attracted to the positive electrode (anode) but as the Hydroxyl ions release their electrons more readily than the Sulphate ions the Hydroxyl will get there first. The half-equations for the electrolysing of copper sulphate solution between two carbon electrodes are: - At the anode (+): 4OH (aq) 2H20(l) + 02(g) + 4e At the cathode (-): CU (aq) + 2e CU(s) In class prior to this experiment we have been studying Electrolysis on Copper Chloride solution, the results showed that the higher the voltage applied to the circuit the more copper had formed at the cathode. In the investigation we are looking at the cathode for our results, the Copper Chloride solution will have the same outcome as the Copper sulphate solution because the copper will always form on the cathode ahead of Hydrogen in both cases. In the investigation on Electrolysis I aim to find out if increasing the amoun...

The Impact of the Social Media on the Relationship between Saudi Annotated Bibliography

The Impact of the Social Media on the Relationship between Saudi Arabia and Egypt after the 2011s Egyptian revolution - Annotated Bibliography Example The article allude that relationship between Egypt and Saudi Arabia has not been a good one since the time of Ottonman Empire. Further, the article perceives that the relationship between Egypt and Saudi Arabia has been rough since the overthrow of Hosni Mubarak. Social media such as facebook and twitter has exacerbated the poor relationship between the two countries. Samin Nadav is the author of this article that appears in Arab Media and Society Journal looks at the contribution of social media to Arab uprising in the year 2011. The article points out that Egypt has large portion of her population in the social media among the countries in the Middle East. According to the article, social media plays important role in bring change that reshapes Middle Eastern societies. The article asserts that social media such as twitter and facebook have been instrumental in developing close ties between Egypt and Saudi Arabia. This is after the overthrow of the authoritarian rule of Hosni Mubarak whereby social media was crucial in instigating revolts and rallies. The article depicts that social media has been vital in directing discussions and democratic ideas between Saudi Arabia and Egypt. Egypt uses twitter to disseminate its latest development after the2011 uprising. Social media allows the other countries in the Middle East especially Saudi Arabia to get an inflow of information. The article reveals that Saudi Arabia has invested a lot in social media for networking. This article points out that Egyptians have used social media to mount protests at the Saudi Arabia Embassy. According to this article, Saudi Arabia and Egypt have been in a state of tension since the overthrow of Hosni Mubarak. This article points out that the two countries have their negative perception on each other. This is despite the fact that they share religion, intermarriage, mutual political interests,

The Impact of Retail Distribution Review on Aviva Research Paper

The Impact of Retail Distribution Review on Aviva - Research Paper Example As the industry involves customers, financial advisors, and financial service providers, there can be conflicts of interest between customers and financial advisors or company and financial advisors. This is called agency problem which leads failure of customers’ trust on market. Financial regulatory bodies aim to employ certain regulations to resolve these issues. The Financial Services Act had been attempting to realize the retail market of investment and the reason for the failure of customers trust. In order to retain the public confidence and trust the FSA introduced the Retail Distribution Review (Personal Financial Society. 2010). This retail review was launched in June targeting the standard and quality of financial advisory services given to the customer in the financial services industry. Through the RDR, the FAS aims to develop a retail market where customers easily understand the information; the financial firms fairly treat their customers and the customers will have much confidence to invest in the market (CISI. n.d.). The approach has been quite influential to keep the resilience, efficiency and the productivity of the retail investment market. RDR is supposed to modernize the industry by bringing back customer confidence to the market by offering them the best choices to fulfill their pension and savings needs. RDR not only approaches to solve the significant issues influential behind some of the longtime problems, but it also considers the operating procedure of the overall market of retail investments. At the same time, the authority was concerned about the future operational procedures of the retail industry. To maintain a control and authority over the fair operation of the investment retail industry, RDR has considered and modified a number of previous policy initiatives. The modifications and introduction of some new policies have been carried out taking due consideration of all of  the stakeholders’ interests including the practitioners and the consumers’ representatives in this industry.

Business Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Business Communications - Essay Example The electronic media has changed the world of communications. Daily meetings, face-to-face chats and trips to other cities and countries are gradually being replaced with emails, teleconferences and video-conferences. This new breed of communications has brought solutions as well as problems for office communications. This paper reviews the academic work on communications in the workplace and the impact introduction of emails have had on workplace practices. Emails have also brought new issues for management. The paper discusses management practices adopted to address these issues. The consequence of introduction of emails in an organization is an important subject for a company using electronic mail. The managerial and working practices need to be adapted to benefit from the positive aspects of using computer mediated communications (CMC) and the negative aspects of CMC as well as effect of reduced face-to face contacts need to be controlled or minimized. Compared to face-to-face contact or telephonic conversation, the advantage of CMC include the ability to retrieve and search materials, overcome the difficulty of time and distance, one-to-many communications, electronically organizing and retrieving emails and other media and reprocessing of other contents with the materials to be handled by CMC. It is often debated whether em... nfluences the decision making and participation within organizations, which types of email adoption are practiced by any single organization, uses and misuses of emails and the technology and/or discipline used to control email misuse are subject of considerable interest in the use of this medium of communication. The argument for and against emails versus face-to-face communications are often discussed in terms of Media Communication Theories. [D'Ambra et al, 1998] discuss the new organizational media with reference to Media Richness Theory (MRT) developed by [Daft & Lengel, 1986]. Media richness theory is often applied to determine the question of choice and effectiveness. The [Daft &Lengel, 1986] classification considered immediacy; the opportunity to provide timely feedback, Multiple cues; the capability of the media to provide meaning through cues such as body language, voice and tones, language variety; the capability of the medium to explain the message by using different words and personal source; the ability to convey feelings. This classification gives oral media over written media. A typical classification of different media according to [Daft & Lengel, 1984, 1986] MRT is as follows [cited in Mondyu, 1997] Media Ranking [cited in Mondyu, 1997] Communication Channel Score Face-to-Face 1.00 Telephone 0.94 Tours and Visits 0.82 Voice Conferencing 0.79 Formal Group Meeting 0.65 Computer Generated Reports 0.47 Memos and Documents 0.27 Email 0.13 Facsimile 0.11 However, the original Daft and Lengel criteria were not designed with modern communication media in mind, assuming Face-to-Face as the standard, produces a result that is biased against the Computer Mediated Communications (CMC). [Daft & Lengel, 1984] argue that a 'rich' media must have no or low

Cultural diversity Essay Example for Free

Cultural diversity Essay Cultural diversity is increasingly becoming as a significant part of many organizations and corporations. As such, problems that are concerned with intercultural and international communication occur and set in. Maintaining and nurturing effective communication techniques and methods within the organization is increasingly becoming a major concern for management and leaders of businesses and corporations. On the part of those in the organization, from the managers to the lowly staff, it is both an occasion for opportunity and challenge. The challenge for people today is truly real and necessitates action especially if one aims to make a niche for oneself. It is not an easy task considering that culture is one of the most difficult areas of study. It will take a lot of patience and persistence to be able to understand the culture of another – its complexity and composition and its traditions and taboos to be able to effectively communicate with one from another culture either through verbal language or in a non-verbal fashion. Another thing that must be taken into consideration is the fact that one is not dealing with one culture alone, but a host and in large probability, a mix of other cultures as well that are uniquely different from one another. There are, however, tried and tested principles which can be utilized and applied in order to achieve success in being able to communicate interculturally. The foremost and initial goal will be to encourage interaction, the basic thing to do is to speak in the simplest language to make the self understandable, send the correct message and make the instant connection. Next is to have the proper and correct set of values at work. It is also essential to withhold judgments and be able to show empathy and sensitivity for the cultural differences. Lastly, but equally as important, is to have the proper attitude and disposition – flexibility to make adjustments when needed and openness to learn and accept corrections. Individuals with intercultural communication skills are those with certain key competencies and characteristics and usually demonstrate open-mindedness, inquisitiveness, patience and self-awareness. These are the basic skills which help nurture a sympathetic, personal and intuitive approach to doing business. The social and cultural differences should be managed adeptly in order to decrease the prevalence of the consequences that may occur especially towards those that belong to the minority. In dealing with a multicultural population, free expression of thoughts, views and opinions should be encouraged especially in the workplace setting.By observing this, a sense of respect for the other person is conveyed, thus fostering trust and a harmonious working relationship. References: Blalock, M. ( 2006) Listen Up, Why Good Communication is Good Business. Wisconsin Business Alumni Update. University of Wisconsin Regent System. Chen, G. and Starosta, W. (2000). Communication and Global Society. New York: Peter Lang. Hochel and Roka (2008). Intercultural and International Communication for our Global Community

The Transition from Analog Television to Digital Television :: Expository Essays Research Papers

The Transition from Analog Television to Digital Television The transition from analog television to digital television is an issue that is becoming more and more prevalent today. In 1996 the FCC (Federal Communications Commission) ruled that until 2006 or when digital television reaches 85 percent of all American households (whichever comes later) broadcasters can keep their analog spectrum free-of-charge. They decided that after that all television broadcasts must be made digital(Leopold). While this seemed like a great plan in 1996, it was later realized that it would take much longer for the transition to be complete due to many factors. The digital evolution began to transpire on November 1, 1998. Since then there have been many other forms of digital technology adopted by our society and digital television quite possibly is next. â€Å"The speedy conversion to digital technology will have profound interest benefits, permitting efficient spectrum use, optimizing the development of new technologies and services to consumers, and fostering diversity and competition(FCC). What are the advantages of Digital Television? Overall there are many advantages to digital television. The point to creating digital television is to receive digitally encoded broadcasts. These digital broadcasts are more picture perfect and have more lifelike sound than analog television. In an analog system the waves are modulated into mechanical form and transmitted through air or over cable. In a digital system sound and images are analyzed first then converted into a stream of numbers. Digitized information is transmitted in this system, not mechanical waves(Johnson). Comparing Resolutions: Analog TV Resolution: 480 interlaced lines, which means that half the screen is refreshed at a time. Digital Television Resolution: 480 progressive-scan lines, which means that the entire screen is refreshed at the same time. Digital signals convert regular signals into strings of ones and zeros, which is much more efficient than analog signals. Broadcasters can maximize their use of channel space because digital signals carry significantly more information than analog signals. Several digital programs and services can be sent in the space occupied by a single analog channel. The result of this is that the consumer is provided with more channel choices(FCC).

Recognition and Reversal: Othello Essay

Aristotle classifies both recognitions and reversals as the greatest point of tragedy in a play or story. Recognitions and reversals are consistently used to develop character, advance the plot, and get a reaction of pity and fear from the audience. Recognition is the act of realization or knowledge or feeling that someone or something present has been encountered before. Reversals are a major change in attitude or principle or point of view. For the main character or hero/protagonist to realize everything that has happened throughout, reversals are used by the writer or writers. Recognition is a device which helps readers to realize a reversal. Other ways in which recognitions and reversals can be used is when the audience or reader has pity for the hero. Pity is a result of a combination of reversal and recognition. Another way recognition and reversal can be used is when the reader or audience reacts to fear, a product of reversal and recognition formed into a shocking ending to a plot. The greatest point of tragedy, as Aristotle calls it, happens when not only shock, but reversal, recognition, and pain are presented around the center of the play or story in an unexpected instant to the audience or reader at the end of a play or story. In â€Å"Othello† by William Shakespeare, examples of recognition and reversal can be seen throughout the play as the hero/protagonist Othello, goes through a life changing experience in which he realizes things through a somewhat shaded lens. In the play, as we near the end, the proceedings change and finally Othello is able to see that he has made a mistake. In a perfect world, it would not be too late to change what the aftermath will be. But, in Othello’s case, the recognition in this dramatic play happens way too late for Othello to correct the situation. â€Å"Othello† truly offer readers evident examples of recognition and reversal. Reversal is most evident in the final Act in Scene II where Othello kills Desdemona. Before the murder, Othello’s love for Desdemona is portrayed in Act II, Scene I when Desdemona arrives in Cyprus, â€Å"It gives me wonder great as my content / To see you here before me. O my soul’s joy,†¦As hell’s from heaven! If it were now to die, ‘Twere now to be most happy, †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Kennedy and Gioia, II. I. 176-177, 182-183). However, as the play moves further along, Iago starts to manipulate the mind of Othello and Othello’s trust in Desdemona starts to diminish. At the start of Act V, Scene I, Othello places a great deal of trust in Iago – â€Å"O brave Iago, honest and just, Thou hast such noble sense† (Kennedy and Gioia, V. I. 32-33). But in Act V, Scene II, the truth about Iago is revealed to Othello by Cassio and Emilia. Othello’s trust in Desdemona is shown throughout the play until his trust starts to wither as Iago twists his mind, â€Å"Yet she must die, else she’ll betray more men . / Put out the light†¦If I quench thee, thou flaming minister, / I can again thy former light restore,†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Kennedy and Gioia, V. II. 6-9). The greatest recognition in Othello occurs in Act V, Scene II, lines 87-91. Othello kills Desdemona. Then Cassio and Emilia appear and reveal Iago’s evil plot and Desdemona’s innocence. Othello then realizes that he was wrong and that his trusted friend Iago has played him for a fool. Once Othello speaks of the handkerchief he gave to Desdemona as a symbol of their love, Emilia knows that Iago is the person who set up Desdemona and Othello is not the one to blame. Emilia keeps repeating the words, â€Å"My husband?† (Kennedy and Gioia, V. II. 145, 152, 156) as she makes an incomprehensibly swift journey from knowing absolutely that Iago, her dear husband, is honest and totally trustworthy, to realizing that in fact he was the quintessential villain. The most distressing recognition comes near the end of the play, when Emilia, Desdemona’s friend and ally, realizes that her beloved husband Iago is the cause of all the misery and misfortune that is killing th em all. Furthermore, she realizes that she has played an unintentional part in the tragedy by following Iago’s request to steal Desdemona’s handkerchief. It has all been a plot by Iago to destroy Othello, and this is finally revealed to everyone, including Emilia (Kennedy and Gioia, V. II. 179-182, 187-189). To see Emilia come to full awareness is to see first the emotional breakdown caused by this revelation, and then to see it begin to build, as she shows heartbreak, guilt, awareness of betrayal, and recognition of supreme cruelty on the part of someone she has trusted with her life. She finally speaks  with the words, â€Å"Villainy, villainy, villainy!† (Kennedy and Gioia, V. II. 197), knowing she has to persuade everyone of Desdemona’s innocence. Recognition again occurs in Act V Scene II when Emilia hears Othello mention the handkerchief, after he has killed Desdemona: â€Å"With that recognizance and pledge of love / Which I first gave her. I saw it in his hand; / It was a handkerchief, an antique token / My father gave my mother† (Kennedy and Gioia, V. II. 221-224). At the same time, the attending visitors and soldiers, who have been called into action by Emilia’s cries in Act V, Scene II, are also realizing the truth of these terrible events. The reversal occurs as Emilia discloses that it was she who stole Desdemona’s handkerchief, â€Å"She give it Cassio? No, alas, I found it, / And I did give’t my husband† (Kennedy and Gioia, V. II 236-237). Immediately Othello knows that Iago has deceived him, and the recognition occurs as he says, â€Å"Are there no stones in Heaven / But what serves for the thunder? Precious villain!† (Kennedy and Gioia, V. II. 242-243). Emilia cannot contain herself until she has made Othello realize fully that his murder of Desdemona was based on lies told by Iago, who stands with her, threatening her life as she shouts the truth in Act V, Scene II. Her final words come after Iago stabs her for speaking. So, a triple realization happened all at once: Emilia’s living her own devastating heartbreak; she announced the truth for Othello; Othello immediately goes through an explosive episode once the truth is revealed, and then finally sees what deadly mistakes he has made. At the end of the final Act and Scene, after Iago had been exposed by Emilia, Othello feels remorseful about the murder of his wife, â€Å"O cursed, cursed slave! / Whip me, ye devils, / From the possession of this heavenly sight! / Blow me about in winds! Roast me in sulfur! / Wash me in steep-down gulfs of liquid fire! O†¦Dead, Desdemona!† (Kennedy and Gioia, V. II. 285-290). Othello then commits suicide because of the guilt he felt, the plays final reversal. As readers, we are distant from the situation and might think that we would understand what was really happening and alter our actions right away. Unluckily, in the case of Othello, the recognition happens way too late for him to change the sequence of events. Othello does not consider anyone but himself at the point near the end of the play. He does not contemplate to challenge Desdemona, as Iago fills his mind with false truths. Othello does  not question Cassio to find out if the accusations Iago is filling his mind with hold any truth. Othello takes to mind whatever Iago tells him, and does not try to find out if what Iago is saying is actually true. These actions are somewhat out of character for Othello. Usually he is calm and collected. He is a commanding general, which demonstrates that he knows how to direct and read people and how to think things through. Overall, Othello simply makes the error of taking the false truths of what Iago says, rather than investigating it. Ot hello’s deep affection and love for Desdemona make it that much easier for Iago to play with his mind. After killing Desdemona, Othello’s world falls apart in front of him because it is then that Othello realizes the outcome with his recognition of the fact that he was wrong to take the life of the one he so deeply loved based on a false truth. Othello’s world spins around him quicker than he can imagine, before it comes to an end. He has slain the woman he loved most in the world. The man he believed was his best friend twisted his mind and deceived him. All of this is more than he can bear. So, Othello gives one final speech in which he asks the men to remember him as he truly was. Othello requests them not to â€Å"lay it on thick† what a good man he was, nor to defame his character. Othello wanted them to think of him as a man who loved too much, however irrational it might have been. Many exceptional examples of reversal and recognition are shown throughout Othello. Constant use of recognitions and reversals to develop character, advance the plot, and get a reaction of pity and fear from the audience are clearly evident in Othello. Perhaps if Othello would have taken a minute to think about the long term outcome of his actions, he might have seen that there was more than one option of action available to him. However, if Othello had chosen another option, there would have been no recognitions, no reversals, and in turn no drama in the play. Works Cited: Aristotle. GradeSaver. 1999-2011. 11 11 2011. Dictionary.com. 2011. 07 11 2011 . Dictionary.com. 2011. 07 11 2011 . Kennedy, X.J. and Dana Gioia. Literature: an Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing. New York: Pearson Longman, 2010.