Freedom of Expression on the Internet: Comparison between Canada and the United States :: Free Speech in Cyberspace

I. Introduction â€Å"Congress shall make no law †¦ abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press †¦Ã¢â‚¬  as stated by the First Amendment of the United States Constitution[1]. Most subsequent democracies have adopted this view as well, believing that it is a fundamental part of what makes a democratic system effective. For example, Canada has given their citizens the right to freedom of speech; but like the United States, they have placed certain limitations which restrict its usage. The limitations were put in place because the right to free speech had been abused, especially when considering its use in cyberspace. Freedom of speech in cyberspace is inherently a global issue because the Internet is so pervasive, so Canada and the United States are being extremely cautious by using preventative techniques. After looking at the ethical issues involved, I believe that speech in cyberspace should not be completely â€Å"free† and should be regulated by increasing the security me asures placed on Internet websites. II. Background In order to thoroughly grasp the significance of free speech in cyberspace, it is important to review the basics of free speech in general. Free speech is â€Å"the right to express any opinion in public without censorship or restraint by the government,† but also the right to listen/read/watch another person’s right to free speech.[2] Although this definition states that the government cannot use censorship, the government has afforded itself some loopholes. The Fourteenth Amendment extends the right of free speech to state and local governments as well as government-run institutions (public schools, colleges, and universities). Private schools are not restricted, yet most choose to adopt the policies of free speech anyways or are mandated to do so by the state governments.[3] The key words to notice here are â€Å"public† and â€Å"private†, as they can easily demonstrate the right to free speech. If the free speech takes place in a public forum, such as in books or at the park, then it cannot be censored. However, if it takes place in a private forum, such as within a private building or organization, then the free speech can be censored. The Canadian government provided a constitutional guarantee of freedom of expression in 1981 under the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. However, the Canadian courts have used Section 1 of the Charter (provides that all rights are subject to such reasonable limits as can be justified in a free and democratic society) to â€Å"justify various forms of censorship.

Limitations of Machines Essay

What is 9,999,999 times 9,999,999? You would not be able to enter that in your calculator, because your calculator has limitations on what it can accomplish, as do all machines. A machine must have boundaries. If these boundaries were ever breached machine could become alive. From the wise mouth of Elbert Hubbard, â€Å"One machine can do the work of fifty men. No machine can do the work of one extraordinary man.† A machine will never exceed the potential of an outstanding individual. No matter how complex or advanced the technology it will never best a genuine- unique man. The use of machines has and should always be tools. Once the machine becomes more useful than the creator it stops being a tool and thus breaks it s natural limits. This has never happened before because machines lack a specific trait that every living thing has. That trait, the undeniable ability is called a free will. Without free will even us humans would never be able to surpass are limits. The choices you can make are what separates you from a living being and machine. It is because they stay chained to one path is the reason why a machine’s abilities will never exceed a human’s potential. Think about why machines were first built. It’s not because they were needed, rather it is because they were convenient. Technology was created to quickly do the average man’s work. You cannot build a machine that does your normal job without first knowing how accomplish it without the use of a machine. This proves machines were built out of curiosity, rather than out of necessity. The earliest machines were built to function to a certain limit. Without that restraint machines would cease to be exactly what they are. A machine is a tool that can execute at an almost perfect accuracy. Machines only accomplish this feet, because they operate within their own area or limitations. A machine without limitations will not function affectively and accurately. It will cease to be, and its identity of a machine will dissipate. Scientists have pondered making a machine without boundaries or restrictions. They wish to build something like humans called, â€Å"Artificial intelligence.† It will have feelings and free will. It will be able to make unreasonable decisions based on instinct, but its instinct could lead it to making the wrong choices. Some fear if artificial intelligence was ever created, mankind would fall. Technology should never pass a certain extremity, because we would lose the sight of those extraordinary men. When thinking back about what Elbert Hubbard said, I strongly believe machines were built to share the abilities of those unique extraordinary men. Machines are built to answer what has already been solved by man. They are built to make life less difficult throughout day. The machine is meant to be as useful as the inventor created it to be. No more no less, because a machine without limits is it really a machine.

Vibratory Rock Tumbler Instructions

Vibrating or vibratory rock tumblers, such as those made by Raytech and Tagit, can polish rocks in a fraction of the time required by rotary tumblers. They also result in polished stones that retain the shape of the rough material, as opposed to the rounded shapes obtained by rotary tumbling. On the other hand, vibratory tumblers tend to be a bit more expensive than their rotary counterparts. However, if time is money and you want to retain more of the shape and size of the original material, then a vibratory tumbler may be just what you need. Vibratory Rock Tumbling Materials List A vibratory tumbler.Rocks. You will get better results with a mixed load that includes both small and large rocks.Filler. Plastic pellets are great, but you can use small rocks having the same or lesser hardness as your load.Silicon carbide grit, pre-polish and polish (e.g., tin oxide, cerium oxide, diamond).Soap flakes (not detergent). Ivory soap flakes are recommended. How To Use a Vibratory Rock Tumbler Fill the bowl of the tumbler about 3/4 full with your rock.If you do not have sufficient rock to fill the bowl to the 3/4 level, then add plastic pellets or other filler.Add the required amount of SiC (silicon carbide) grit and water. See the table below to get a sense of how much is needed. If you have the instruction manual that came with the tumbler, start out with those quantities. Keep records, so if you make changes you will know the effect the changes had on the polishing.Place the lid on the tumbler and run the vibrator. Let it run for a day or so and make certain that a slurry is forming. Evaporation will occur, especially if the external temperature is hot, so you may need to add water from time to time to maintain the slurry consistency.When the rock has achieved the desired smoothness and roundness, remove the load and rinse the bowl and the rocks thoroughly with water.Return the rock to the bowl, add a tablespoon of soap flakes, and fill the bowl with water to the top of the rocks. Vibrate the mixture for about half an hour. Rinse the rocks and the bowl. Repeat this step two more times.Return the rocks to the bowl and proceed to the next polishing step with the next grit (see the Table).After the final polish step, perform the washing/rinsing process and allow the stones to dry. Here are some conditions, intended for a 2.5 lb tumbler. You can adjust the quantities for your specific needs. The duration for each step is approximate - check your load and keep records to find the conditions that work best for you. Experiment with different polishing compounds to find the type that works best for your stones. Grit Type SiC SiC SiC SiC SnO2 CeO2 Diamond Diamond Mesh 220 400 600 1,000 --- --- 14,000 50,000 Grit Amount 8 tbls 4 tbls 4 tbls 3 tbls 4 tbls 4 tbls 1 cc 1 cc Water Cups 3/4 3/4 3/4 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 Soap Tbls 0 0 0 0 1/3 1/3 1 1 Speed fast fast fast fast slow slow slow slow Stones Hardness Days Days Days Days Days Days Days Days Sapphire 9 28 7 7 7 5 --- --- --- EmeraldAquamarineMorganite 8 3 2-3 2-4 2 2-4 --- --- --- TopazZircon 7.5 3-8 2-3 2 2 2 --- --- --- AgateAmethystCitrineRock CrystalChrysoprase 7 0-7 3-4 2-3 2-3 0-3 3-------- --- --- Peridot 6.5 --- 2 2 2 --- --- 2 2 Opal 6 --- --- 1 2 2 --- --- --- Lapis Lazuli 5.5 --- 4 3 3 2 --- --- --- Apache TearsApatite 5 --- 2-3 1-2 1 1-- --- ---1 --1 *Use a slow speed for all steps when polishing stones with Mohs hardness of 6.5 or lower (peridot, opal, lapis, obsidian, apatite, etc.). Helpful Tips for a Perfect Polish Make a balanced load that includes for large and small rocks. For a 2.5 lb bowl, sizes from 1/8 to 1 work well.A proper slurry is needed to get the best polish in the least time. If there is too little water, then the thickness of the mixture will prevent proper movement, thus slowing the polishing action. Too much water results in too thin of a slurry, which will result in a much longer time to achieve a polish. The grit may settle out of the mixture altogether.Never wash grit down the drain! While it doesnt typically present an environmental hazard, theres a good chance it will cause a clog that cant be removed using chemicals.Plastic pellets may be rinsed and reused, but you cannot reuse grit. Are you looking for information on using your tumbler to polish jewelry or metal components? Heres what you need to do.

The Bauhaus And Its Impact On Architecture - 1800 Words

The Bauhaus was arguably one of the most influential events in design history. The Bauhaus was a German art, design, and architecture school that was founded by Modernist architects Walter Gropius, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, and Le Corbusier. Although founded by Modernist architects, the Bauhaus did not teach architecture during its early years. Instead, Head of the Bauhaus Walter Gropius, wanted to form a school that encompassed all learnings of art and craft and form a curriculum that was activity-based and not purely theoretical. Gropius stated in Manifesto and Program of the Bauhaus, Weimar, 1919, â€Å"Let us therefore create a new guild of craftsmen without the class-distinctions that raise an arrogant barrier between craftsmen and†¦show more content†¦During this time, industries transitioned from handmade crafting to machine manufacturing. Industries began manufacturing cheaper copies of handmade luxury goods which ultimately lead to a loss of need for the arts an d crafts. Many designers, including English craftsman William Morris, developed an anxiety for the loss of craft. Manufacturing and creativity had branched off into two separate paths. Many attempts were made to reconnect craft with industry at the beginning of the 20th century. The Deutscher Werkbund in Munich was formed in 1907 to showcase designs for manufactured objects. After the fall of the German Monarchy post World War I, Germany became more revolutionised. In 1917 the Dutch movement De Stijl was founded. De Stijl was centred on constructivist design principles. It was from this idea that Gropius decided to build a school which could attempt to bridge the gap between industry production and crafts. Gropius opened the first Bauhaus school in Weimar in 1919. Not only had craft reconnected with industry production, but the Bauhaus sought to revolutionise design. Gropius believed that art schools should unite all fine arts and crafts in a single location and have all discipli nes collaborate with one another. He also hired specialists in each discipline of the arts to teach and revolutionise modern design. Of all concepts taught out the Bauhaus,

Discrimination and Mining Joint Ventures Essay - 1260 Words

BSBHRM501B- Manage Human Resources Services. Morobe Mining Joint Ventures (PNG) Human Resources Services. Chosen Area: Career management Services: Dealing with complaints Implementing new legislation and laws Mentoring and coaching WHS , pay role i.e. leave entitlement Recruitment/ advertising Training for possible advancement Strategic and Operational Plans: Valuing our employees: By making all employees aware of our company goals and rewarding them when goals are met with either bonuses or awards. As well as having an environment that values, honesty, integrity, respect and working together in unity. Assessing all staff on a regular basis†¦show more content†¦Long-Term (5+ years): Ensuring all studies/ degrees are completed and the person is in the right position to move up the company ladder and communicate all success and new skills to senior management so that the person can be rewarded accordingly within the company. Communications Plan: CEO’S: receive detailed emails as well as having it on the company intranet, video calls as well as memos. Operational Managers: get emails, phone calls, meetings, conferences, and intranet. Business Unit Managers: receive emails, phone calls as well as the intranet and meetings they also get one on one meetings. Superintendent: receive emails, phone calls and one on one meetings as well as having the company intranet. Project Administrator: emails, phone calls, conferences, intranet, meetings, one on one meetings Clients: emails, phone calls and meetings, information packs. Service agreements: Morobe Mining joint Ventures (MMJV) PNG. Human Resources Manager is responsible for the implementation of research and training, communication as well as arranging orientation and inductions. As well as updating legislation and safety practices utilized by the company. Research ( looking into skills required and needed by employees as well as what is needed with future employees and what time frame and cost it will incur) Implementation( conducting a S.W.O.T analysisShow MoreRelatedA Pestle Analysis of Mining Industry2604 Words   |  11 Pages| A PESTLE Analysis of Mongolian Mining Industry | | | Hui Wu (Meredith) | 09/04/2010 | | A PESTLE analysis of the Mongolian mining industry 2 1. Executive summary 2 2. Introduction 3 3. PESTLE Analysis 3 4. Analysis of the future environment 8 5. Entry mode options 8 6. Potential risks 9 7. Recommendations and strategic option 10 8. Conclusion 11 9. Bibliography 11 A PESTLE analysis of the Mongolian mining industry 1. Executive summary This report has analysed theRead MoreDe Beers Paper2141 Words   |  9 Pagesthat can affect its success. Provide explanation to support the rationale. 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The occupation of Japan was, from start to finish, Essay Example For Students

The occupation of Japan was, from start to finish, Essay an Americanoperation. General Douglans MacArthur, sole supreme commander of theAllied Power was in charge. The Americans had insufficient men to makea military government of Japan possible; so they decided to actthrough the existing Japanese gobernment. General MacArthur became,except in name, dictator of Japan. He imposed his will on Japan. Demilitarization was speedily carried out, demobilization of theformer imperial forces was completed by early 1946. Japan was extensively fire bomded during the second world war. The stench of sewer gas, rotting garbage, and the acrid smell of ashesand scorched debris pervaded the air. The Japanese people had to livein the damp, and cold of the concrete buildings, because they were theonly ones left. Little remained of the vulnerable wooden frame, tileroof dwelling lived in by most Japanese. When the first signs ofwinter set in, the occupation forces immediately took over all thesteam-heated buildings. The Japanese were out in the cold in the firstpost war winter fuel was very hard to find, a family was consideredlucky if they had a small barely glowing charcoal brazier to huddlearound. That next summer in random spots new ho uses were built, eachhouse was standardized at 216 square feet, and required 2400 boardfeet of material in order to be built. A master plan for a modernisticcity had been drafted, but it was cast aside because of the lack oftime before the next winter. The thousands of people who lived inrailroad stations and public parks needed housing. All the Japanese heard was democracy from the Americans. Allthey cared about was food. General MacArthur asked the government tosend food, when they refus ed he sent another telegram that said,Send me food, or send me bullets. American troops were forbidden toeat local food, as to keep from cutting from cutting into the sparselocal supply. No food was was brought in expressly for the Japanese durningthe first six months after the American presence there. HerbertHoover, serving as chairman of a special presidential advisorycommittee, recommended minimum imports to Japan of 870,000 tons offood to be distributed in different urban areas. Fish, the source ofso much of the protein in the Japanese diet, were no longer availablein adequate quantities because the fishing fleet, particularly thelarge vessels, had been badly decimated by the war and because theU.S.S.R. closed off the fishing grounds in the north. The most important aspect of the democratization policy was theadoption of a new constitution and its supporting legislation. Whenthe Japanese government proved too confused or too reluctant to comeup with a constitutional reform that satisfied MacArthur, he had hisown staff draft a new constitution in February 1946. This, with onlyminor changes, was then adopted by the Japanese government in the formof an imperial amendment to the 1889 constitution and went into effecton May 3, 1947. The new Constitution was a perfection of the Britishparliamentary form of government that the Japanese had been movingtoward in the 1920s. Supreme political power was assigned to the Diet. Cabinets were made responsible to the Diet by having the primeminister elected by the lower house. The House of Peers was replacedby an elected House of Councillors. The judicial system was made asindependent of executive interference as possible, and a newly createdsupreme court was given the power to review the constitutionality oflaws. Local governments were given greatly increased powers. I Went To The Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra Concert At Eastman Thea EssayFriends of the old Zaibatsu bought the stock. In the long run theZaibatsu were not exactly destroyed, but a few were weakened andothers underwent a considerable shuffle. The initial period of the occupation from 1945 to 1948 wasmarked by reform, the second phase was one of stabilization. Greaterattention was given to improvement of the economy. Japan was a heavyexpense to the United States. The ordered breakup of the Zaibatsu wasslowed down. The union movement continued to grow, to the ult imatebenefit of the worker. Unremitting pressure on employers broughtswelling wages, which meant the steady expansion of Japan domesticconsumer market. This market was a major reason for Japans subsequenteconomic boom. Another boom to the economy was the Korean War whichproved to be a blessing in disguise. Japan became the main stagingarea for military action in Korea and went on a war boom economy without having to fight in or pay for a war. The treaty of peace with Japan was signed at San Francisco inSeptember 1951 by Japan, the United States, and forty-seven othernations. The Soviet Union refused to sign it. The treaty went intoeffect in April 1952, officially terminating the United Statesmilitary occupation and restoring full independence. What is extraordinary in the Occupation and its aftermath wasthe insignificance of the unpleasant. For the Japanese, the nobilityof American ideals and the essential benignity of the Americanpresence assuaged much of the bitterness and anguish of defeat. Forthe Americans, the joys of promoting peace and democracy triumphedover the attendant fustrations and grievances. Consequently, theOccupation served to lay down a substantial capital of good will onwhich both America and Japan would draw in the years ahead. BIBLIOGRAPHYChristopher, Robert C. /The Japanese Mind/. New York: FawcettColumbine, 1983La Cerda, John. /The Conqueror Comes to Tea/. New Brunswick: R utgersUniversity Press, 1946Manchester, William. /American Caesar/. New York: Dell PublishingCompany, Inc., 1978Perry, John Curtis. /Beneath the Eagles Wings/. New York: Dodd, MeadAnd Company, 1980Reischauer, Edwin O. / The Japanese/. London: Belknap Press, 1977Seth, Ronald. /Milestones in Japanese History/. Philadelphia: ChiltonBook Company, 1969Sheldon, Walt. /The Honorable Conquerors/. New York: The MacmillanCompany., 1965

Childhood Obesity Nutrition Policies

Question: Discuss about the Childhood Obesity for Nutrition Policies. Answer: Introduction: The childhood obesity is an increasing epidemic and is giving rise to many chronic diseases in children in Australia. For this, Australian government is forming strong policies that include dietary changes; health education, school nutrition policies, physical education and a framework addressing the ethical issues are the unpinning factors for consideration. There are key policies that help in child health education and in dealing with childhood obesity. According to Childhood obesity Legislation 2013 school nutrition policies are implementing healthy policies like availability of nutritious foods throughout the school (Bradshaw 2016). The screening of diabetes is also an important policy in which children are informed about diabetes and related risk. According to the existing laws for diabetes care, medications are given to the diabetic children. The state legislation are also providing insurances for the coverage and strengthening of diabetes insurance for children. The implementation of physical education policy approaches to include physical education in school setting and they evaluate over the policy. The resolutions are also being taken by the state legislatives to create awareness among the public by addressing policies on childhood obesity (Lamb et al. 2014). There is school health policy and education policy that puts emphasis on the childhood education addressing the childhood obesity problem and educating the parents and caregivers. School wellness policies help to strengthen wellness programs educating the children and their tutors about childhood obesity. The school lunch program serves students in educating them about ill effects of obesity and ethical issues like social stigmatization due to obesity, confidentiality and informed consent. National policies also introduce health and physical education classes, nutrition and healthy cooking classes. The above mentioned policies demonstrate advocacy and health equity among the children. They are intended to work against discrimination based on the body weight of the children. The policies ensure that there is no bias between the indigenous and non-indigenous population in Australia. They are aimed at protecting and prioritizing the children and ensure that culturally protected health services are provided to them. The Obesity Policy Coalition in Australia influences change in policy related to child health education on obesity and promotes equality among the target population. The Public Health Association of Australia undertakes the responsibility to address the childhood obesity according to the National Nutrition Policy that addresses the issue of early nutrition and its role in a childs later life (oecd.org 2016). The policies encompass the children living in remote and rural areas and make sure that they have access to health education opportunities and services to make heal thy choices. The Australian education system ensures fair and inclusive policies contributing to equitable education among children. The policies are made with a perspective to provide a positive environment for the diverse subgroups of children for behavior change with respect to lifestyle and food choices. The policy makers take into account the equity by delivering child health education policy among the low socio economic community children. The Australian child education system focuses on reduction of inequalities by introducing policies that eliminate inequality in child education (health.gov.au 2016). There are strategies that strengthen the Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders in providing child health education classes and training on childhood obesity. Therefore, these policies advocate child health education highlighting the issue of childhood obesity. References Bradshaw, J., 2016.The Well-being of Children in the UK. Policy Press. health.gov.au, 2016. Australia: The Healthiest Country BY 2020 [online] Available at: https://www.health.gov.au/internet/preventativehealth/publishing.nsf/Content/E233F8695823F16CCA2574DD00818E64/$File/obesity-jul09.pdf [Accessed 29 Dec. 2016]. Lamb, M.E., Sternberg, K.J., Hwang, C.P. and Broberg, A.G., 2014.Child care in context: Cross-cultural perspectives. Psychology Press. oecd.org, 2016. Education Policy Outlook: Australia [online] Available at: https://www.oecd.org/education/EDUCATION%20POLICY%20OUTLOOK%20AUSTRALIA_EN.pdf [Accessed 29 Dec. 2016].